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Temporal consciousness, the field that focuses on how time figures in our conscious states, is essentially interdisciplinary and has received attention from philosophers and psychologists alike. Nevertheless, there has been little cross-talk between these two disciplines. In this paper, I argue that the reason for this resides in crucially different interests: whereas philosophers have been preoccupied...
Does the status of certain temporal experiences as illusory depend on one’s conception of time? Our concept of time in part determines our concept of what we hold to be real and unreal; what we hold to be real and unreal partially determines what we hold to be illusory; thus, our concept of time in part determines what we hold to be illusory. This paper argues that this dependency of illusions...
This paper presents a fresh look at A.N. Prior’s Notion of The Present (1970), in order to cast light on the article through Prior’s own notes from the Bodleian library. This will be done in order to evaluate two critiques of Prior’s notion of the present: That is self-contradictory (see [17]), and that it is unable to account for change (see [6]). This article will argue that a revisit to Prior’s...
Time is not definable in terms of other concepts. On the other hand, it is generally accepted that Augustine was right in claiming that we as human beings have a tacit knowledge of what time is. But how can this tacit knowledge be explored and discussed, if time as such cannot be defined? This paper suggests that temporal logic, and in particular the hybrid logic corresponding to A.N. Prior’s 3...
Perceptual synchrony has received attention as result of physiological studies of neural responses to visual stimuli. The terms synchrony and synchronization are used to refer to stimulus activity, the psychological-systems response to that activity and perception although the latter is not necessarily the same as the systems response. The concern of this paper is the integrity of the idea of perceptual synchrony...
Distortions in temporal memory can occur as a function of differences in signal modalities and/or by the encoding of multiple signal durations associated with different timing tasks into a single memory distribution – an effect referred to as “memory mixing”. Evidence for this type of memory distortion and/or categorization of signal durations as an explanation for changes in temporal context (e.g...
We take a close look at the task of prospective time reproduction, wherein an individual is aware of the fact that she will subsequently be asked to reproduce a demarked duration. Our participants were either explicitly instructed not to count, or were allowed to count. When participants are allowed to count, their reproductions (R) tend to be a linear function of target duration (D). When instructed...
In the present study, we tried to improve the discrimination of short temporal intervals marked by two brief visual signals with an extensive and massive training involving the discrimination of intervals marked by brief auditory signals. Two groups completed two sessions of visual interval discrimination (pre- and post-test). Between the two sessions, participants were either discriminating intervals...
In this paper, we present an experiment whose goal is to assess the role of temporal aspects in sonically and haptically simulating the act of walking on a bump or a hole. In particular, we investigated whether the timing between heel and toe and the timing between footsteps affected perception of walking on unflat surfaces. Results show that it is possible to sonically and haptically simulate a bump...
We report a study designed to examine how knowledge of the effects of gravity may change the temporal processing of audiovisual events. Specifically, normally-oriented and inverted audiovisual video-clips of different objects being dropped were presented at a range of different stimulus onset asynchronies. Participants made temporal order judgments regarding whether the auditory/visual stream appeared...
237 participants listened to a 37 second extract of original music for solo piano, and were asked to retrospectively verbally estimate elapsed duration. Differences were found for age (mean estimate for ages 5-8: 76.11 seconds, ages 9-10: 66.38, 11-13: 54.88 seconds, ages 14 to adult: 65.17 seconds) and a correlation found between adult age and estimate. Estimates were found to be significantly longer...
A debate about the nature of the influence of attention on prospective timing exists. According to one approach, attention directly influences the internal clock and determines how many pulses emitted by a pacemaker will be accumulated in a given time unit ("direct-impact" hypothesis). According to a different view ("indirect-impact" hypothesis), attention does not influence the...
During the decades following Piaget’s work, it has been believed that correct judgments of durations require sophisticated reasoning abilities that emerge at about 8 years of age. However, a number of researchers have demonstrated that young children’s poor judgments in classical Piagetian tasks are not due to their inability to judge time correctly, but rather to their limited attentional capacities...
Emotion and time perception are in constant interaction in everyday life activities. While growing literature explored the mechanisms underlying emotional timing, the neural correlates remain unknown. The present experiment explored evoked-related potentials associated to the estimation of emotional sounds duration and to its modulation by attention. Electroencephalographic activity and skin conductance...
According to the temporal resolution power (TRP) hypothesis, individual differences in mental ability (MA) can be explained by differences in the neural oscillations of the central nervous system which find expression in the acuity of temporal information processing: Faster neural oscillations do not only lead to better temporal information processing but also to faster speed of information processing...
In this essay, we explain time estimation on the basis of principles of self-organization. Timing behavior can be seen as an outcome of the coupling and coordination across physiological events, overt behavior, and task demands. Such coupling reveals itself in scaling relations known as fractal patterns. The self-organization hypothesis posits a coherent relation between frequency and amplitude of...
We used different tools from experimental psychology to obtain a broad picture of the possible neural underpinnings of temporal processing in the range of milliseconds. The temporal variability of human subjects was measured in timing tasks that differed in terms of: explicit-implicit timing, perception-production, single-multiple intervals, and auditory-visual interval markers. The results showed...
Quality Space Theory is a holistic model of qualitative states. On this view, individual mental qualities are defined by their locations in a space of relations, which reflects a similar space of relations among perceptible properties. This paper offers an extension of Quality Space Theory to temporal perception. Unconscious segmentation of events, the involvement of early sensory areas, and asymmetries...
In the present paper, the rôle of metaphors and models in scientific theories is discussed, with particular focus on the klepsydraic model of internal time representation and on the ‘internal clock model’. The conceptual background and the basic principles of the klepsydraic model are explained, and its non-computational character is emphasized.
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